Introduction . Since the pioneering discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Iijima 1 , these nanomaterials have garnered significant attention owing to their exceptional characteristics encompassing stiffness, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and electrical properties, surpassing those of conventional materials 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . However, due to the practical difficulties and high costs associated with experimental manipulation, the theoretical analysis a...